As we reflect on the Afghan refugees and immigrant community’s journey and the challenges they continue to face, it becomes evident that their story is not just one of migration but also a story of resilience, adaptability, and the strength of the human spirit. Their contributions to their adopted homeland and the lessons they offer are invaluable. In this extended discussion, we will delve deeper into these aspects, exploring the historical context, the complexities of their experiences, and the way forward.
In the past, the porous border (Durand Line) between Afghanistan and Pakistan has a long and complex history. This region’s geography and the diverse ethnic and cultural ties that span this border have resulted in a fluid movement of people and goods across its boundaries over the years. Pakistan shares about 2,670-kilometer border with Afghanistan, which is still challenging to Arm Forces effectively even after its fencing, started in 2014 due to the rugged and tough terrain and various historical and cultural ties that have existed for centuries. However, it wasn’t until the 1970s that the flow of Afghan refugees and migrants into Pakistan significantly intensified. This increase was primarily due to Pakistan formally hosting Afghans who were fleeing the turmoil, conflict, and dictatorial rule in their home country. Additionally, the porous nature of the border allowed for the infiltration of various individuals, including terrorists, into Pakistan, particularly following the U.S.-led Global War on Terror in Afghanistan.
The arrival of Afghan refugees in Pakistan coincided with a significant historical event – the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1979, the Soviet Union initiated its invasion of Afghanistan, its Central Asian neighbor to the south. As turmoil and uncertainty engulfed their homeland, many of these refugees had already embarked on their journey toward a brighter and more secure future. They left behind a land in crisis, seeking refuge in a foreign country with the hope of building a new life for themselves and their families.
As of October 2023, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that Pakistan was hosting around 3.7 million Afghan nationals. Among this population, approximately 700,000 arrived in Pakistan after the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan on August 15, 2021. The UNHCR’s data revealed that nearly 1.3 million Afghan refugees possessed Proof of Registration (PoR) cards, which provided them with legal status in Pakistan. Furthermore, 880,000 Afghans had the right to remain in Pakistan.
However, a substantial portion, about 1.73 million individuals, were considered ‘unregistered’ and were residing in Pakistan without legal status. Among the registered Afghan refugee population, more than half (52 percent) were children, with 15% of them being four years old or younger. Moreover, 76% of the registered Afghan refugee population included women, children, and older individuals, highlighting the vulnerability of a significant part of the Afghan refugee community.
The Afghan refugees who arrived in Pakistan 43 years ago embarked on a remarkable journey characterized by determination and resilience. The majority of this community firmly rejected resorting to begging or theft, instead engaging in honest means of livelihood, such as selling items like hats, shoes, carpets, clothing farming etc. However, within this diverse community, there were individuals who faced different challenges and made choices that led them down a different path.
It’s essential to acknowledge the diversity within any community, and over time, some individuals may become involved in activities that violate the law. Unfortunately, a fraction of this refugee population found themselves entangled in illegal activities, including drug trafficking and, in some instances, even terrorism. It is crucial to emphasize that the actions of these individuals do not represent the entire community, as the vast majority of Afghan refugees uphold a commitment to lead dignified lives and adhere to cultural values and norms.
It is important to remember that the involvement of a small fraction of this refugee population in illegal activities does not diminish the remarkable journey and achievements of the majority. The actions of a few individuals should not overshadow the stories of perseverance, resilience, and hard work that have been the defining characteristics of this community. Their experience is a reminder that refugees, like any other group, are diverse, and the actions of a few do not define the whole.
The stories of Afghan refugees serve as a testament to the power of perseverance, hard work, and self-respect. The ability of the majority of this community to overcome adversity and create better lives in a foreign land is truly commendable and inspiring. However, it is also essential to address the challenges and complexities that arose in the wake of their arrival. These challenges extended beyond the personal and cultural sphere. Some members of the Afghan refugee community faced social and economic issues as they worked to establish themselves in their new homes. They encountered the need to secure housing, employment, and access to education for their children, all while navigating the complexities of a foreign society.
In conclusion, we salute the honorable Afghan refugees who arrived in Pakistan 43 years ago, many of whom overcame significant challenges to lead dignified lives and contribute positively to their adopted home. While there were instances of individuals involved in illegal activities, it is important to recognize that these actions were not representative of the entire community.
However, it is essential to consider the current situation. The interim government has decided to repatriate all Afghan refugees to their homeland in Afghanistan. This decision comes as winter approaches and Afghanistan’s harsh weather conditions with heavy snowfall loom. This transition presents new challenges for these Afghan refugees as they face the uncertainty of returning to a homeland that continues to experience its own set of challenges.
Adding to their challenges, the Afghan refugees are currently facing difficulties at various border exits, including Chaman, Torkham, Angoor Adda, and Ghulam Khan. Proper management and support are crucial in ensuring a safe and orderly transition. Furthermore, there have been reports of mistreatment of Afghan refugees by some individuals within the police force, highlighting the need for vigilance and protection of the rights and dignity of these individuals during this transitional period. It is a time when support, compassion, and cooperation are of paramount importance, as the path ahead for these refugees is filled with both hope and uncertainty.
The story of Afghan refugees in Pakistan is not just one of migration but also a story of resilience, adaptability, and the strength of the human spirit. Their contributions to their adopted homeland and the lessons they offer are invaluable.
